ith cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), as compared with sleep education therapy (SET), yields durable remission of insomnia and reduces moderate pain symptoms over 36 months in older adults with insomnia disorder. Methods: A community-based sample of 291 adults ages 60 years and older (mean age, 70.1 years; 57.7% female) with insomnia disorder, but no chronic pain condition, were randomized to 2 months of intervention with either CBT-I (n = 156) or SET (n = 135). The primary outcome was change in bodily pain as measured by the short form 36 (SF-36) health survey. Secondary outcome was remission of insomnia continuously sustained over 36 months of follow-up. Results: Improvements in bodily pain, as indexed by increases in SF-36 scores, were found in CBT-I with insomnia remission (adjusted β = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.004–0.360; P = 0.045) and in SET with insomnia remission (adjusted β = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.035–0.457; P = 0.023) but not in treatment groups without insomnia remission.

ith cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), as compared with sleep education therapy (SET), yields durable remission of insomnia and reduces moderate pain symptoms over 36 months in older adults with insomnia disorder. Methods: A community-based sample of 291 adults ages 60 years and older (mean age, 70.1 years; 57.7% female) with insomnia disorder, but no chronic pain condition, were randomized to 2 months of intervention with either CBT-I (n = 156) or SET (n = 135). The primary outcome was change in bodily pain as measured by the short form 36 (SF-36) health survey. Secondary outcome was remission of insomnia continuously sustained over 36 months of follow-up. Results: Improvements in bodily pain, as indexed by increases in SF-36 scores, were found in CBT-I with insomnia remission (adjusted β = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.004–0.360; P = 0.045) and in SET with insomnia remission (adjusted β = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.035–0.457; P = 0.023) but not in treatment groups without insomnia remission.

pain stimulus which ensured that participants focused entirely on the illusion-inducing stimulus. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the time course of pain modulation induced by illusionary body ownership over artificial hands using the visual-thermal RHI and the influence of the stimulation intensity. Methods: In a 2 × 4 within-subject design, participants received thermal stimulation on their hidden real left hand, while the rubber hand synchronously lit up red. Four stimulation intensities were used: moderate pain (+0°C), −0.75°C, +0.75°C, and +1.5°C. For control trials, the rubber hand was rotated by 180°. With the right hand, participants provided continuous pain ratings using a slide knob. Results: Embodiment ratings were higher in the RHI compared with the control condition. Continuous pain ratings were lower in the RHI condition for all temperature levels except for +0.75°C. Rubber hand illusion–induced pain reduction was observed throughout most of the stimulation int

ost significant RFs for the onset and persistence of pain in adolescents. Methods: A modified international e-Delphi study with 4 rounds was conducted. An international and multidisciplinary panel of experts in paediatric pain and/or pain RFs was recruited. The experts were provided with 2 lists of potential RFs (1 for the onset, 1 for the persistence of pain) and were asked to rate the importance of each RF on a 5-point Likert scale. In each round, experts were asked to reconsider their answers in light of other experts’ evaluations and comments. Results: A total of 43 experts participated in the study (33 completed all rounds). Forty-six RFs (out of 74) reached consensus for pain onset, and 4 were considered very important. Regarding the persistence of pain, consensus was reached on 56 out of 88 RFs. Eleven of these were found to be very important. Conclusion: This study generated consensus among experts on the importance of several RFs for the development and persistence of pain in

umans. Studies were included if they examined the (1) relationships between androgens and experimental pain sensitivity, (2) group differences in androgen or pain levels, and (3) the effect of androgen interventions on experimental pain sensitivity. After a comprehensive search, 31 papers were identified. When possible, meta-analyses were performed. Most studies examined the impact of testosterone on experimental pain, and only a few studies focused on other androgens, such as dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Overall, the current data do not support the effect of androgens on experimental pain sensitivity in adult men and women with or without chronic pain. In addition, meta-analyses of Pearson correlations did not find relationships between testosterone levels and pain ratings of heat stimulus (3 studies, n = 93, Z correlation coefficient = −0.43, confidence intervals [−1.50, 0.64]) or electrical pain thresholds (4 studies, n = 147, Z correlation coefficient