Aggressive B-cell lymphoid malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma, often resist conventional therapies (i.e., chemotherapy, B-cell targeting immunotherapy, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation). The poor outcomes of patients with refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [1] or B-cell ALL [2] highlight the need for more efficient therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells have reshaped the care landscape for refractory B-cell malignancies [3,4], significantly improving response rates and overall survival.