Decision-makers considering using cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to inform health-technology assessment (HTA) must contend with documented and controversial shortfalls of CEA, including its assumption of disease severity independence and static pricing. ISPOR has recently introduced novel value elements besides direct healthcare cost and effectiveness for the patient, and these should be captured in CEA . While novel value elements advance our understanding of “what” should be measured (e.g. value of hope, severity of disease, health equity, etc.), there is limited direction on “how” to measure them in conventional CEA.

Decision-makers considering using cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to inform health-technology assessment (HTA) must contend with documented and controversial shortfalls of CEA, including its assumption of disease severity independence and static pricing. ISPOR has recently introduced novel value elements besides direct healthcare cost and effectiveness for the patient, and these should be captured in CEA . While novel value elements advance our understanding of “what” should be measured (e.g. value of hope, severity of disease, health equity, etc.), there is limited direction on “how” to measure them in conventional CEA.