Background Exposure to general anesthetics (GA) in early childhood is associated with developmental disorders. However, few studies have addressed in-utero exposure to anesthetics during delivery and subsequent developmental disorders in the offspring. This study aimed to investigate whether GA for cesarean delivery is associated with developmental disorders in children. Methods Using data retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database linked to the Birth Reporting Database and the Maternal and Child Health Database between 2015 and 2020, this nationwide retrospective cohort study compared the incidence of developmental disorders following cesarean delivery under GA with that under neuraxial anesthesia (NA). Developmental disorders were diagnosed using the corresponding International Classification of Diseases codes traced 2–6 years after delivery. Results After excluding twins, children born with congenital anomalies or diseases and those with missing data, 325,309 eli

Background While randomized clinical trials of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) have generally shown no overall benefit, subgroup analyses suggest the benefit or harm of SUP in specific patients, indicating heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE). Understanding HTE is crucial for tailoring SUP to individual treatment. Methods This cohort study included patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with at least one risk factor for clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). The primary exposure was the use of SUP within 48 h after ICU entry; the primary outcome was 28-day mortality. We employed conventional subgroup analysis, risk-based analysis, and effect-based analysis to explore the HTE of SUP. Results A total of 25,475 patients were included, of whom 6199 (24.3%) received SUP, with famotidine being the most commonly prescribed (53.7%). Baseline characteristics were well-balanced between treatment groups after weighting. SUP was not associated with the 28-day mortality in

Background There is a lack of data regarding outcomes of therapeutic hypothermia in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on clinical outcomes in comatose patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for AMI following OHCA. Methods Using a prospective nationwide registry from 2016 to 2021, we selected 2925 patients with AMI who underwent emergency PCI among 182,508 OHCA cases. These patients were divided into groups receiving hypothermia treatment (n = 624) and those not receiving hypothermia treatment (n = 2301). The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality, and secondary endpoints were mortality rate at 24 h and neurological outcomes at discharge. Results The hypothermia group showed a significantly lower rate of in-hospital mortality than the non-hypothermia group (odds ratio [OR] 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59–0.85; P < 0.001). Ho

Background There is a lack of data regarding outcomes of therapeutic hypothermia in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on clinical outcomes in comatose patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for AMI following OHCA. Methods Using a prospective nationwide registry from 2016 to 2021, we selected 2925 patients with AMI who underwent emergency PCI among 182,508 OHCA cases. These patients were divided into groups receiving hypothermia treatment (n = 624) and those not receiving hypothermia treatment (n = 2301). The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality, and secondary endpoints were mortality rate at 24 h and neurological outcomes at discharge. Results The hypothermia group showed a significantly lower rate of in-hospital mortality than the non-hypothermia group (odds ratio [OR] 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59–0.85; P < 0.001). Ho