IntroductionChronic heart failure is treated by inhibition of the sympathetic and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). More recently, sacubitril/valsartan has been introduced as treatment for patients with chronic heart failure. The drug is composed of valsartan, an angiotensin-II receptor 1 blocker, and sacubitril, which inhibits the peptide-degrading enzyme neprilysin (neutral…

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IntroductionOncological immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are transforming oncological practice (1, 2, 3). The first ICI, ipilimumab (Yervoy®), a CTLA-4 inhibitor, was used exclusively in metastatic malignant melanoma post-licensing (3, 4). Subsequently, the PD-1 ICIs, nivolumab (Opidivo®) and pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), have led to increased efficacy and, in general, a superior safety profile…

IntroductionPancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (pNEN) is a rare malignancy arising from pancreatic islet cells and accounts for 1–2% of all pancreatic tumors (1). However, with the popularization of abdominal imaging and the promotion of endoscopic ultrasonography, the detection rate of pNEN has increased 4.8-fold and 1.2-fold in the United States and Japan in recent years, respectively (2, 3)….

IntroductionA pheochromocytoma is a rare neuro-endocrine tumor that arises from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla with an incidence of 0.2–0.8 cases/100,000 persons/year, which present in 0.1–1% of patients with hypertension and approximately 5% of those with adrenal incidentaloma (1, 2). Pheochromocytomas include a series of clinical symptoms due to excessive catecholamine production,…